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Kp was introduced as a magnetic index by Bartels in 1949. The Ks data for the two stations Brorfelde and Lovö, as well as for Eyrewell and Canberra, are combined so that their average enters into the final calculation, the divisor thus remaining 11. The main purpose of the standardized index Ks is to provide a basis for the global geomagnetic index Kp which is the average of a number of " Kp stations", originally 11. In contrast to the K values, the Ks index is expressed in a scale of thirds (28 values):Ġo, 0+, 1-, 1o, 1+, 2-, 2o, 2+. By applying the conversion tables, a standardized index Ks for each of the 13 selected observatories is determined.
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Using statistical methods, Julius Bartels generated conversion tables to eliminate these effects. According to the geographic and geomagnetic coordinates of the observatories, each observatory still has an annual cycle of daily variations. But K still remains a local index, describing disturbances in the vicinity of each observatory. The range is then converted into a local K index (first introduced 1938 for the magnetic observatory Niemegk near Potsdam) taking the values 0 to 9 according to a quasi-logarithmic scale, which is station specific this is done in an attempt to normalize the frequency of occurrence of the different sizes of disturbances. First, however, the quiet-day variation pattern has to be removed from the magnetogram, a somewhat subjective procedure. Local disturbance levels are determined by measuring the range (difference between the highest and lowest values) during three-hourly time intervals for the most disturbed horizontal magnetic field component. Geomagnetic activity is the occurrence of K variations.
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All other regular and irregular disturbances are non K variations. K variations are all irregular disturbances of the geomagnetic field caused by solar particle radiation within the 3-h interval concerned. The following definition of K variations has been given by Siebert (1971): The name Kp originates from "planetarische Kennziffer" ( = planetary index). The global Kp index is obtained as the mean value of the disturbance levels in the two horizontal field components, observed at 13 selected, subauroral stations. Geomagnetic disturbances can be monitored by ground-based magnetic observatories recording the three magnetic field components. A table with monthly and yearly averages of Ap. Contains tables of frequencies of Kp indices. (Values since 1900 also supplied, use with caution.) Contains tables of the quietest and most disturbed days for all months since Jan 1932. Contains the monthly (yearly files are found in music/yearly/) Kp values in the Bartels musical diagram (Postscript format), which is very helpful in visualizing the indices. This format does not contain any information on the quiet and most disturbed days as the tables in the tab directory do. The file wdc_fmt.txt provides a format description. The format is nearly identical to the format of Kp/ap tables distributed by the World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Contains the monthly (yearly files are found in wdc/yearly/) Kp/ap tables and much more information in condensed tables (ASCII format). The tables distributed by regular mail (PostScript format) are also provided in this directory. The file tab_fmt.txt provides a format description. Contains the monthly Kp/ap tables in a simple text format readable for both humans and computers (*.tab). List of (storm) sudden commencements (ssc), partly preliminary.
Does lucid convert pub to pdf download#
Download music.exe using binary mode! The data file ssc.dat is also required to run music.exe.
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music.exe reads Kp/ap values in WDC format and produces a PostScript file with Bartels Kp music diagram.
Does lucid convert pub to pdf windows#
Does lucid convert pub to pdf archive#
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